SENTENCE PATTERN

The general pattern of the sentence consists of Subject (Subject), Verb (predicate), Complement (object) and Modifier (Description). Initial discussions is easy, because it is almost the same as an Indonesian rule. Example sentence: John ate a pizza last night. When translated John (S), ate (V), a pizza (C), last night (M).

The sentence (and the independent and dependent clause as well) must have an explicit or implicit subject and verb. In most standard written English sentences, the subject and verb are explicitly stated, and you are certainly encouraged to favor that practice in your writing for academic or career situations.

·     Subject

Every English sentence must have a subject and a predicate (verb), the subject is the perpetrator. Subjects can be a single noun (singular), example, coffee is delicious. Subjects can also be a noun phrase (noun phrase), for example, the book is on the table. Noun phrase that is used for the subject should not be preceded by a preposition.
The word "it" can be used as a pronoun (pronoun) to the object or subject to impersonal verb. Example, It rains quite Often here in the summer.
In a few words, the subject is not in position, the word "there" could be a substitute, as a pseudo-subject. Meanwhile, the real subject is located after the verb. For example, There was a fire in that building lst month. the word "there" as a pseudo-subject and the words "a fire" as the real subject. Means in the sentence above is no complement (object)? yes, because the complement not a thing to exist in a sentence.

·     Verb

Verb follows the subject in declarative sentences, generally indicates the action of the sentence. Example: John drives too fast. Verb could be a phrase that consists of one or more auxiliary / auxiliary words. For example, John is going to Miami tomorrow. the word "is" is auxiliary.

·     Complement

The rules are similar to the subject, it can be a noun or noun phrase. In general, follow the verb. Complement answer the question what? and Whom ?.

 Example, John bought a cake yesterday (what did John buy?)

Example 2, She saw John at the movies last night (Whom did she see at the movies?)

·     Modifier

Modifier explained about the time, place or manner of a job. Very often in the form of air-prepositional phrases, for example: in the morning, at the university, on the table. Modifier can also be an adverb (adverb) or adverbial phrase, the example last night, next year, yesterday. Modifier answer the question when? where? or how?

Source:

https://hidayatullahahmad.wordpress.com/2013/03/18/normal-sentence-pattern-in-english/